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The Mosquito or Mosquito alarm (marketed as the Beethoven in France and the Swiss-Mosquito in Switzerland), is an electronic device which emits an ultrasonic sound, similar to the buzz of a mosquito (approximately 17.4 kHz at 85dB)[1][clarify]. The device is typically heard by people less than 25 years of age because the ability to hear high frequencies deteriorates in humans with age (a phenomenon known as presbycusis).
The device is marketed as a safety and security tool for preventing anti-social behaviour such as gang loitering which has been publicly associated with graffiti, vandalism, drug usage, drug distribution, and violence. The Mosquito is very popular in the UK, with some 3500 in use, mostly by shopkeepers and police authorities.[citation needed] The device is also being sold in Australia, Canada and the USA. Even though it is not currently specifically banned for private citizens to use, the distributors and resellers of the product do not typically sell the device for home usage.[2] Mosquito distributors also employ standards to ensure that the usage of the device isn't abused, and Welsh inventor Howard Stapleton, creator of the Mosquito, has asked European governments to legislate guidelines governing its use.
The Mosquito was invented by Howard Stapleton in 2005, and was originally tested at one location in Barry, South Wales, where it was successful in reducing the number of teenagers loitering near a grocery store.[3]
The Mosquito was released into the mainstream market in 2006.
A device installed in a Spar shop in Caerleon Road in Newport,South Wales[4] was banned after three months by the Newport Community Safety Partnership, a partnership set up to meet the requirements of the Crime and Disorder Act 1998, with members including Newport City Council, Gwent Police, Newport Local Health Board, South Wales Fire Service, representatives of Customs and Excise, and the Welsh Assembly Government. Despite the ban, another Spar shop in Newport installed the device. A Newport Community Safety Partnership spokesman said: "Any view expressed by the Partnership does not stop any business or private company from purchasing these devices. They must ensure these systems comply with the law." [5].
In 2008, in response to a major national campaign [6] launched by the Children’s Commissioner for England, Liberty and the National Youth Agency, the government issued a statement insisting that "'Mosquito alarms' are not banned and the government has no plans to ban them".[2]
The German Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health stated in a report on The Mosquito, entitled "Use of ultrasonic noise channels not entirely safe":
The results of the examination are now available. The auditors were not able to certify this device as completely safe.
The risk to the target group of teenagers and young adults is relatively low. They can leave the area when they hear the sound. On the other hand small children and infants are especially at risk, due to lengthy exposure to the sound, because the adults themselves do not perceive the noise. Moreover, the ultrasound affects not only hearing. Disruption of the equilibrium senses, as well as other extra-aural effects are well known. With the sound levels that can be reached by the device, the onset of dizziness, headache and impairment is to be expected. This is not the limit of the total risks to safety and health.[8]
The results of the examination are now available. The auditors were not able to certify this device as completely safe.
The risk to the target group of teenagers and young adults is relatively low. They can leave the area when they hear the sound. On the other hand small children and infants are especially at risk, due to lengthy exposure to the sound, because the adults themselves do not perceive the noise. Moreover, the ultrasound affects not only hearing. Disruption of the equilibrium senses, as well as other extra-aural effects are well known. With the sound levels that can be reached by the device, the onset of dizziness, headache and impairment is to be expected. This is not the limit of the total risks to safety and health.[8]
Some adolescents, however, have found the once annoying sound can be used as a tool, and turned it into a ringtone to prevent disciplinary actions that would normally be imposed if a mobile phone user was caught using their phones during school hours, by creating a mobile phone ringtone that is inaudible to most adults.[17]
This ringtone became informally known among schoolchildren as "Teen Buzz",[18] and has since been sold commercially.
However, if in such settings where this kind of ringtone (e.g. around 17kHz) is utilized, it can be made more audible if another tone of a different frequency, preferably inaudible to most (e.g. 22kHz), were broadcast simultaneously. The physical reason for this phenomenon is that the interference of two inaudible frequencies will produce acoustic beats in an audible frequency (e.g. 22kHz-17kHz = 5kHz).
Un tono audible fuera de la gama de vista de la mayoría de las personas de más de 30. Esto significa que usted puede obtener las llamadas telefónicas y recibir mensajes de texto en clase o la escuela sin maestros o los padres de su audiencia.
Para obtener más información sobre la forma en que el Teen Buzz melodía obras de mosquitos y otros datos interesantes, por favor consulte la página especial que abarca un poco acerca de los fenómenos hijo zumbido de mosquitos.
Antecedentes y cómo funciona.
El Mosquito es un producto hecho en coche a los adolescentes de las zonas de no merodeo. Debido a que la capacidad de oír altas frecuencias se deteriora con la edad (un fenómeno conocido como presbycusis), el Mosquito obras de alta frecuencia que emiten los tonos de aproximadamente 17,4 kHz - que se pone de relieve especialmente la versión anterior.
Business
The Mosquito™ Teenage Deterrent is the solution to the eternal problem of unwanted gatherings of youths and teenagers in shopping malls, around shops and anywhere else they are causing problems.
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The Mosquito FenceDefence security system is the first security system ever designed specifically to work in conjunction with temporary metal fencing panels used on construction sites.
Every year millions of pounds of plant, equipment and materials are stolen from construction sites just in the UK alone. In almost all cases construction sites do not enjoy police response to alarm activations as they are historically extremely unreliable and prone to false activation. This has a knock on effect often resulting in a lack of insurance cover for the site.The Mosquito FenceDefence system boasts an almost 100% activation accuracy rating, providing the customer with complete peace of mind and making it possible to renegotiate police response and insurance cover for sites using the system.The Mosquito FenceDefence system will detect fence panel removal in its basic form, detecting any panel that is either unclamped from its neighbour or removed from the system completely. This can be combined with Anti-climb and Anti-cut features.The system is designed to be simple to use and does NOT require engineers to install or maintain the system. Once the system is disarmed, panels can be removed, the fence configuration changed and panels added within minutes by staff members onsite, with the peace of mind that the system will NOT arm unless the fence is complete at the end of the day.Once the Mosquito FenceDefence system is armed, any panel removal will trigger an audible warning (if required) and alert site staff, mobile patrols, monitoring station or police via GSM text message from the onboard auto-dialler.Mosquito FenceDefence will NOT activate in high winds, by impact from footballs, kicking, stick dragging etc. Animals equally do not pose an activation risk as with most conventional site security systems and neither will people leaning against the fence for extended periods.
Every year millions of pounds of plant, equipment and materials are stolen from construction sites just in the UK alone. In almost all cases construction sites do not enjoy police response to alarm activations as they are historically extremely unreliable and prone to false activation. This has a knock on effect often resulting in a lack of insurance cover for the site.The Mosquito FenceDefence system boasts an almost 100% activation accuracy rating, providing the customer with complete peace of mind and making it possible to renegotiate police response and insurance cover for sites using the system.The Mosquito FenceDefence system will detect fence panel removal in its basic form, detecting any panel that is either unclamped from its neighbour or removed from the system completely. This can be combined with Anti-climb and Anti-cut features.The system is designed to be simple to use and does NOT require engineers to install or maintain the system. Once the system is disarmed, panels can be removed, the fence configuration changed and panels added within minutes by staff members onsite, with the peace of mind that the system will NOT arm unless the fence is complete at the end of the day.Once the Mosquito FenceDefence system is armed, any panel removal will trigger an audible warning (if required) and alert site staff, mobile patrols, monitoring station or police via GSM text message from the onboard auto-dialler.Mosquito FenceDefence will NOT activate in high winds, by impact from footballs, kicking, stick dragging etc. Animals equally do not pose an activation risk as with most conventional site security systems and neither will people leaning against the fence for extended periods.
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